以房子作「入化」與「出神」之間的秤錘 ——闡釋鍾國強詩中「房子隱喻系統」的演化(中)

魯迅筆下的屋子是「沒窗的鐵屋子」,是囚禁個人心靈的地方,而在「屋子」和「荒野」之間,在魯迅眼中就是一個個「圍觀吃人的場面」,人與人之間的關係不是「吃人」就是「被吃」。鍾國強筆下的房子跟希尼一脈,是真正生活的場景,即使外邊存在像「銀行供款」這種「吃人文化」,但喜見詩人都是竭力抵禦的。

攝影師:Dimitris.s12,連結:Pexels

攝影師:Dimitris.s12,連結:Pexels

文/劉偉成

2 將房子變成調校的秤錘

 

        許多人都以為鍾的「房子描劃」始於《生長的房子》,其實不然,在他的第一本詩集《圈定》中有一首〈八鄉平原四望有感〉才是最早。這首詩常為人忽略,甚至詩人自己好像也沒有怎樣提過。我在讀希尼的諾獎受獎演辭“Crediting Poetry”時,腦中卻不期望浮現鍾這首早期詩作。演辭中希尼描劃童年時代在農家小房子中聽到各種不同聲音,非常引人入勝,他說自己是「懸在古老和現代之間,我們就廚房中桶裏的飲用水那樣敏感:每當一列駛過的火車使大地震顫時,那桶水的表面往往盪起精緻的同心圓漣漪,無聲無息。」希尼說除了來自大地,風中充滿了「活潑的信息」:「風向下橫掃,從廚房窗戶角落的一個洞孔吹入,直接吹入我們的無線電收音機的內臟,那裏一陣咕嚕吱嚀的細碎嘈雜常常突然讓位給英國廣播公司的新聞播音員,像一位『機降天神』似的報道着意想不到的事情。那聲音我們在我們的卧室裏也能看見,從廚房裏大人們的說話聲以外和背後傳來;就像我們在各種聲音之後和之外,常常能聽見莫爾斯電碼那瘋狂的、極具穿透力的信號。」[1] 希尼說這種就是詩的信息,幫助建造一種秩序,一種「既忠實於外部現實的衝擊,又敏感於詩人之存在的內在規律,就如五十年前在廚房水桶中泛起的漣漪」[2]。且看鍾國強的〈八鄉平原四望有感〉的首尾兩節:

 

聽罷電臺的新聞報道

仍不知吉兆凶兆

到屋角踱步,暗暗煩惱

不如上天臺遠眺

 

……

 

雨還是沒來,我要下樓

聽天氣預告明天

雷聲再次悶吼的時候

乍聞五十年不變[3]

 

無論是希尼還是鍾國強,房子都成為接收來自天際的「信號密碼」,為接收的中心,在其中的人變成了水桶,人心則像水面會泛起漣漪。這個接收「信號」的過程,跟約翰‧伯格在〈繪畫的位置〉裏的描劃可說不謀而合,可以互為詮釋:

 

一般來說,在內在空間的庇護之下,人類放置、存留、培養、放任或構建意義。在啟示的時刻,表象和意義變得同一,物理的空間和觀者的內在空間相契合:他 / 她暫時地、例外地實現與可見之物的平等。失去所有排拒的感覺,他 / 她被置於中心。

 

姑且不論時代或傳統,所有繪畫將可見之物作為家園內在化、攜入、安置的方式,遠不止是建築的封閉行為的簡單補充;它是保衞記憶和啟示的經驗的方式。記憶和啟示的經驗是人類僅有,用以抵抗那不斷威嚇着將人類分離、邊緣化的無限空間。[4]

 



 




[1] 見謝默斯‧希尼著、傅浩譯:〈歸之於詩〉,《傾向》第13期,2000,頁3。原句為:Down it swept, in through a hole bored in the corner of the kitchen window, right on into the innards of our wireless set where a little pandemonium of burbles and squeaks would suddenly give way to the voice of a BBC newsreader speaking out of the unexpected like a deus ex machina. And that voice too we could hear in our bedroom, transmitting from beyond and behind the voices of the adults in the kitchen; just as we could often hear, behind and beyond every voice, the frantic, piercing signalling of morse code.

演辭全文可於下列網址找到:https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/literature/1995/heaney/lecture/

[2] 原文為:poetry can make an order as true to the impact of external reality and as sensitive to the inner laws of the poet’s being as the ripples that rippled in and rippled out across the water in that scullery bucket fifty years ago.

[3] 見《圈定》,香港:呼吸詩社,1997,頁19。

[4] 見約翰‧伯格(John Berger)、翁海貞譯:《說故事的人》,頁279-280。原文為:

Normally it is within the protection of his inner space that man places, retains, cultivates, lets run wild or constructs meaning. At that moment of revelation when appearance and meaning become identical, the space of physics and seer’s inner space coincide: momentarily and exceptionally she or he achieves an equality with the visible. To lose all sense of exclusion; to be at the centre.

The way that all painting, irrespective of its epoch or tradition, interiorizes, brings inside, arranges as a home the visible, is far more than a simple complement to the enclosing act of architecture; it is a way of safeguarding the experiences of memory and revelation which are man’s only defences against that boundless space which otherwise continually threatens to separate and marginalize him. (“The Place of Painting”, The Sense of Light, New York: Pantheon Book, pp. 217.)